Comparative Article On Slavery During The Monument Of...

Comparative Article Paper Slavery is a contentious topic for scholars. Authors of both two articles discussed in this paper focus on different issues related to slavery, while they get access to issues on slavery from various perspectives. On the one hand, Alderman examines the inscription in the monument of commemorating Africa slavery from a politics perspective. On the other hand, Lambert discusses the development of Atlantic slavery in the historical geographic areas. In this paper, I aim to focus on the different perspectives and approaches that these two authors hold on when they develop their argument on issues related to slavery. This paper is going to present how the two authors differ in three main aspects. First, they examine slavery from various locations and issues related slavery. In the article â€Å"Surrogation and the politics of remembering slavery in Savannah, Georgia (USA)†, Alderman mainly focuses on the political site of representing slavery in contempora ry America. There are debates over the inscription on the monument. Alderman analyzes the conflict on ways of remembering slavery in Savannah Georgia. Alderman states that the politics of engraving slavery on people’s mind should be inspected when in comes to surrogation and look for the appropriate monument for slavery (Alderman, 2010, p. 90). There is no doubt that geography can be related to politics in many ways. The politics might affect the history of geography. As Alderman mentions that Abigail

Physics Of The Moon And Mercury - 1525 Words

Nadia Szijjarto 101019833 PHYS 1901 Tuesday November 17, 2015 Professor Maybury Assignment 2 1. At first glance, the Moon and Mercury have similar surface features yet on closer inspection we find that significant differences exist. Compare and contrast the surfaces of the two bodies and outline their respective geological histories. The geology of the moon and mercury are very similar due to certain key aspects, but there are also a few qualities that differentiate the two bodies. The Moon has a radius of 1738km in comparison with Mercury, the smallest of the major planets with a radii of 2440km. The average density of the Moon is 3.37 g/cm3 that is consistent with basaltic silicates. Like Earth the Moon has a layered system, consisting of a crust, mantle, and core. From the radius and the mass Mercury has a mean density of 5.4 g/cm3 which implies a dense iron (Fe) core. Just as the Moon consists of an iron core with a softer molten liquid iron outer core. The outer core is believed to extend out as far as 500km. The Moons core only holds 2% of its mass. Since Mercury is low in mass there is less heat stored from formation its core is probably sold rather than liquid. The lunar surface of the Moon is grey and tan, with a low albedo. Albedo is the reflective properties of planets, satellites, and asteroids. Mercu ry also has a low albedo, which signifies that theShow MoreRelated the study of aerodynamics and gravity Essay1515 Words   |  7 Pages My topic for the science fair is â€Å" Which falling objects fall the fastest? â€Å". Many factors affect the speed of aerodynamics such as the different forces on the object. The aerodynamics of the object and the physics surrounding the object. Great scientists have studied falling objects such as Galileo Galilei and Sir Isaac Newton. I will discuss their lives, experiments and scientific findings. Aerodynamics is the study of force on an object. It has been called the science of flight. 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Education and Political Participation

Question: Discuss about the Education and Political Participation. Answer: Introduction: There is no gain stating the fact that education and democracy are inter-related topics. In order to improve the functioning democracy of any country, it is highly imperative that the people of the country are qualified enough to distinguish between false promises and authentic leadership skills. Research has shown concrete evidence that literacy alone helps to raise public awareness making each resident informed and responsible enough to take life-transforming decisions. Seen in the light of this argument, it is important to note that the Canadian democracy has witnessed a 7% increase in the Federal votes, and the rise in votes has been attributed to educated youths. Hence, the thesis statement of the present research is to determine if education has any important role to play in the political democracy of Canada or not. As far as the Canadian government is concerned, it has been observed that between the years of 2011 and 2015, the nation has witnessed a rise of 7 % in the total votes cast, out of which the educated youths had an integral role to participate[1]. In order to reinforce the argument, it should be mentioned that the participation rate of the people with a University degree was much higher than the Canadians who did not even complete their high school education. The surveys conducted as well as the administrative data of Canada claim that political participation of the country is directly affected and influenced by education. Over the last five years, it is being observed that higher the literacy of the nation in a particular year, higher is the participation of the people in exercising their democratic rights. According to a professor at University of Montreal, Henry Milner, education is making the people more attentive towards politics. While even some years back, people were unwilling to cast their votes, with the increase in education, people are becoming more aware of the importance of exercising their own choice by casting votes for the right people. In fact, research conducted on the Canadian election polls has further stated that 11% of the youths of Canada who refused to cast their votes belonged to the age group of 24 and thus most of them had not completed their University education during the time of the Federal vote. More the people are educated, the more they are able to think critically about the political concepts, such as good governance or effective leadership. Besides, educated people in Canada or any country have been found to have greater urge to get employed or to gain access to other opportunities. This is a reason why they are willing to bring about a remarkable change with the help of their democratic power. It is important to note here that between the years of 2011 and 2015, there has been a remarkable increase of 12% in the political par ticipation of the voters[2]. This increase in the political participation of the voters has also been accompanied by the increase in the total number of educated youths casting their votes. The people aged between 18 to 24 years of age have completed their education, and thus their participation has increased from 55 to 67% [3]. This increase in the rate of education was also followed by a remarkable increase in the rate of voter participation. Although the democratic set up of any nation allows all its members to cast their votes, the voters are often unwilling to cast their votes despite having voting rights. However, education helps to enlighten an individual shape his own opinions, and instill in him a desire to change the world. With this, the political participation of the educated youths of any nation increases, and Canada in itself bears evidence to this fact. The above diagram very accurately illustrates the higher the education rate of the Canadian citizens, the greater is the political participation. It was indeed astonishing to see that the youth voter turnout grew from 55% in the year 2011 to that of 67% in the year 2015. This data was mainly obtained from the study, which was conducted by the Elections Canada. This was mainly administered during the Statistics Canadas November labor force survey. Researchers have conducted many surveys in order to understand the main emotions that play in the minds of the young people that make them to opt for vote or stay away from voting. Some of the main points which they noted here are disillusionment among the youths and also severe confusion among them regarding the parties that need to be selected over the other. Interviews conducted in the past showed many interesting views of the youth who did not vote. Many of them said that as they the young people have less money, they are paid less importance. They believe that politicians do not care for the vote of the young Canadians as long as they do not have enough money. They also used to believe that there are many candidates and very little political substance. Therefore, the young people got disillusioned whom to vote for in the elections. Often these type of answers from the young people clarified the absence of proper knowledge about the entire system which could be only obtained by properly educating oneself in politics[6]. An interesting analysis had been done in this regard which showed that education indeed helped people to be safe from any sort of disillusionment. The young voters were mainly found to have completed their university years and had thereby been more interested in casting their votes than the non-voters who complained of d isillusionments and confusion to vote for the right person. Moreover, not only university-education but also recent trends of educating oneself by different means have also been one of the most helpful contributions to young voting. The growing trends of different forms of media have allowed different types of educational messages to be conveyed to a large audience comprising of different age cohorts[7]. Different forms of conveying important news through television, youth newspapers, social media and many others have exposed a larger portion of the political conditions of the country to the young people helping them to gather ideas and support for specific parties. These types of Medias have made the youth more aware of the different benefits that they can obtain by choosing the leader of their own liking. Therefore, one can see educating such youngsters in the recent happenings of their country has in turn ensured more young voters participate in their voting. [8] Moreover, it is also seen that educated individuals are more concerned about their future than the non-voters are and tend to initiate a better place for them to thrive well in the future. They have been mature enough to understand that in order to have a better future, individualistic approach is very important and does not let disillusionment to affect their views and beliefs. They believe that a good future can be achieved by making their country a better place to live in with huge number of opportunities. They have understood that in order to achieve the said goals, the first step is to establish a nation with an eminent leader[9]. That leader will look over the entire welfare of the nation starting from good healthcare benefits, good defense system, good place for various job opportunities and others. They believe that the citizens can not only thrive happily in such nation but also can grow as an individual both financially and mentally. Thereby one can easily point here that e ducation have helped the young people to analyze critically and hence understood their importance in providing the best leader to their nation through their voting contribution. The above discussion is indicative of the fact that the political democracy of Canada is strongly determined by the aspect of education as per the reason that, it has been identified that education is positively increasing the voting rates in the country. Most significantly, the above discourse has implied that individuals with standard educational background are willing to cast their votes more than those who do not possess a University or college degree. However, it has been also identified that in the era of twenty first century, Canadian voting rate has been decreasing from the 1970s.[10] Therefore, it can be also argued that the instead of being fairly educated, there are still a disappointing amount of people who are not preferring to utilize their eligibility to cast vote and supporting the political democracy of the country. The distinct argument can be supported by the fundamental fact that education is an aspect that helps an individual to understand the hypocritical ideali sms of most of the political leaders.[11] Therefore, it is easy to assume that education is making people sceptical about the political freedom, which is being showcased by the political leaders. However, it should also denoted in this respect that one of the dominant reason for the sudden declination in the voting rates is found out to be potential shift in the premise of social values away from the esteem to institutional authority. On the other hand, it needs to be contemplated here that it has been recognized that gradually most of the Canadians have become conscious about whether their votes will worth any value for the effort or not. Henceforth, it can be definitely said that education is one of the key aspects that determines the voting rate in Canada in both positive and negative way. It is highly arguable that education does not always works in favour of Canadian political democracy as it has been found out that it is the power of literacy that is increasing scepticism among the Canadian citizens. In other words, it can be said that it is the notion of education that is enlightening the Canadian citizens about the political hypocrisy that is breathing for a long time within the shroud of political democracy. However, it should be considered that the steady declination in the voting rates is partly dependent upon various religious reasons. Therefore, it would not be completely justifiable to blame literacy for the decreasing voting rates in Canada. Henceforth, from the entire critical discussion above, it can be deduced that education plays a significant role in the political democracy of Canada. It is because, Canadian people who are educated becoming more attentive towards the aspect of political freedom and likely they are to exercise their individual choices by casting their votes. On the other hand, in the penultimate stage, the discourse has also implied that it is literacy, which is also making Canadian people sceptical about the credibility of political freedom. Henceforth, it can be said that in Canada, education plays a potential role in the political democracy. Reference List: Bhatti, Yosef, Jens Olav Dahlgaard, Jonas H. Hansen, and Kasper M. Hansen. "How voter mobilization from short text messages travels within households and families: Evidence from two nationwide field experiments." InMidwest Political Science Associations Annual Meeting. 2015. Biesta, Gert JJ.Good education in an age of measurement: Ethics, politics, democracy. Routledge, 2015. Brade, Raphael, and Marc Piopiunik. "Education and Political Participation."DICE Report14, no. 1 (2016): 70. Coleman, James Smoot.Education and Political Development.(SPD-4). Vol. 4. Princeton University Press, 2015. Cooper, Josh, and Elizabeth Campbell. "Civic Pedagogies in Higher Education: Teaching for Democracy in Europe, Canada and the USA by Jason Laker, Concepcion Naval, and Kornelija Mrnjaus (review)."The Review of Higher Education39, no. 4 (2016): 625-628. Demaine, Jack, and Harold Entwistle, eds.Beyond communitarianism: citizenship, politics and education. Springer, 2016. Fortunato, Piergiuseppe, and Ugo Panizza. "Democracy, education and the quality of government."Journal of Economic Growth20, no. 4 (2015): 333-363. Goodman, Nicole J. "Internet voting in a local election in Canada." InThe Internet and Democracy in Global Perspective, pp. 7-24. Springer International Publishing, 2014. Goodman, Nicole J., and Jon H. Pammett. "The patchwork of Internet voting in Canada." InElectronic Voting: Verifying the Vote (EVOTE), 2014 6th International Conference on, pp. 1-6. IEEE, 2014. LeDuc, Lawrence, and Jon H. Pammett. "Attitudes toward Democratic Norms and Practices: Canada in Comparative Perspective."Canadian Democracy from the Ground Up: Perceptions and Performance(2014): 22. Persson, Mikael. "Education and political participation."British Journal of Political Science45, no. 03 (2015): 689-703. Silver, Daniel, and Diana Miller. "Cultural scenes and voting patterns in Canada."Canadian Journal of Political Science47, no. 03 (2014): 425-450. Turcotte, Martin. "Civic engagement and political participation in Canada."Statistics Canada. www. statcan. gc. ca/pub/89-652-x/89-652-x2015006-eng. htm(2015).

Character Formation Essay Example For Students

Character Formation Essay Give Your Full Attention to Character Formation 10th June 2010, Chennai, India For some time now, I have been deeply thinking about the reason for the slow progress of abhyasis, and in some cases even about the lack of their progress — total lack of progress. Of course, some are progressing well, but that too is perhaps more because of the personal attention that the Master gives them rather than by their own effort, and I am not referring especially to their spiritual practice but to their lifestyle. You know, in Sahaj Marg we are always talking of the Master giving the inner spiritual condition, which for him is a matter of a second, whereas character formation is the responsibility of the abhyasi. I think, in general, abhyasis conveniently think that maybe the Masters role is ninety-nine percent, or more, and the abhyasis role in personal character transformation or formation, is even less than one percent. I am forced to this, shall I say, conclusion, because that is how it appears to be, and people are not really serious about character formation or character transformation. Why I say this is because, as I said before, spirituality is given by the Master and that cannot be doubted, you see. But their outer behaviour, their outer lifestyle, the way they conduct themselves, their politeness or lack of it, and, as repeatedly pointed out to me by abhyasis from all over the world, especially the behaviour of those very close to me — what the outside world calls the inner circle. You know, I used to feel concerned, then I used to feel pained, now I really feel guilty. I feel guilty because the people close to me, my inner circle so-called, are, one and all, arrogant, proud, demanding, oppressive, authoritarian and lack politeness — one and all. Of course, I keep telling them about this. Either they smile it off or they say, Yes, yes, we will change now. But you know, recent affairs, especially when I was in Tiruppur immediately following dear brother Ajay Bhatters revocation of his nomination to succeed me, it has shown the raw human nature at its worst. Gossiping, condemning, blaming — always others, forgetting the principle that when you point your finger at somebody (one finger), three fingers are pointing towards yourselves. So what to do about this, you see. How to make abhyasis realize that the Masters responsibility or his, what shall we say, duty towards an abhyasi (if I should call it that), is hardly one percent — probably one thousandth or one millionth of a percent; whereas the abhyasis role, responsibility in making himself, transforming himself, should be ninety-nine percent or more. It is exactly opposite. Now, what are the consequences? People close to me think that because I keep them close to me, continue to keep them close to me, they are blameless, they are really blameless and I am only talking for fun or to show-off or something like that, you know, like chastising a pet. And people who are away from me, but who are close to me in an inner sense, they stay away. I remember Babuji Maharaj had a dog, Honey; and he was not fond of dogs, but it was there and it remained there. It used to run around chasing the monkeys and he used to tell me with a twinkle in his eye that, You know, Honey recognizes abhyasis, because when abhyasis come, he doesnt bark. He only barks at non-abhyasis. And, you know, I never understood the significance of Babuji praising this dog for this quality that it does not bark at abhyasis. A dog! And my people around me, they are all the time barking, shutting doors, putting away people, using my name for everything that they do. He is ill. He is resting. He is asleep. He told us no, so on and so forth. I get letters from very, very close, devoted abhyasis who love me saying, I cannot come, and I will not come so long as I am stopped. For them too, it is a need to transform themselves, because as Babuji once said, Two lovers cannot remain separated because the circumstances are not favourable. You know the old saying in English: Love laughs at locksmiths. It doesnt mean it only laughs at locks. The locksmith is symbolic of every circumstance that can come between the lover and the beloved. You remember the old story of the man who was so besotted with a girl that when she went out of town, he followed her . There was a river to cross, and the river was in flood. He did not know what to do and then he found something like a log of wood. Is the Death Penalty Cruel and Unusual Punishment? EssayLove means, in a partnership in business, if it is an equal partnership I cannot rob others. Suppose they rob me? Love means first and foremost putting yourself in the place of another before you speak and before you act. If these things are not followed and applied to your own life, dear brothers and sisters, whatever may be the spiritual input that our Master gives us, graces us with, blesses us with, will be lost. Because it is my samskara that I will carry with me into my next life, God forbid if there is a next life, and they are governed by what we do here, what we think here, which is how samskaras are born. So I say, beware, be alert, understand these principles properly, apply them to your own life, examine yourself. If necessary, in your diary be very frank and say, I have stopped beating my wife. Truth, if it is the truth. I have stopped telling lies to my partners. I have stopped cheating. I have stopped adulterating. I have stopped self-titillating. I have stopped beating my children. All these are relevant to your spiritual diary, if you want to be honest about it, so that anybody can read what you have written. Then only you will be aware. Because now, you know, we live in the secrecy of our inner self, nobody knows. So we have this question of personality problems. My personality is what I show to the outside world. My true self is inside, secret, safely buried, and I am blissfully thinking that by Masters grace I will evolve, I will go to the Brighter World, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. The Master is magnanimous. He loves us, he wants to give us everything that he has, but his limitation is that unless the vessel is clean he cannot put anything else into it. We are in a situation where the Master gives us, let us say, a hundred gallon tank of milk, and two drops of poison which is our contribution, ruins it. It is so potent — human will, human endeavour is so potent. As Babuji said, You can train a lion to do what you want in six months. But its impossible to train a human being over a whole lifetime unless he or she cooperates. What is the cooperation that I am now trying to emphasize that an abhyasi should offer to the Master? Full attention to character transformation, knowing that the spiritual part is being attended to by him, meticulously, every moment of our life, with total concern for our spiritual welfare and our future. I exhort all of you who will listen to this to take it seriously; if necessary, read this again and again if it is available in written form, and apply it every moment of your life. Think ten times before you address your friend. Think twenty times before you refuse somebody entry into my place to meet me. Do not shout; imagine what it would be like if somebody shouted at you. Do not push people; you dont like to be pushed. Do not force yourself on your wife. And do not make negative comments all the time. There is no salt in this, there is no sugar in this. You are ugly, you know I dont want to see anything in you. Because, by force of circumstances, call it health, call it whatever it is, I really cannot see any of you now, beyond six feet, and my seeing your spiritual condition if I am able to do it, is of no use, because what is going to carry you into the next level of spiritual welfare, spiritual achievement, is you yourself. I pray for all of you .

Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte Report Essay Example

Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte Report Paper Before writing this assignment I am going to write about the novelist who possibly has written one of the best novels I have ever read. The novelist who wrote Jane Eyre is called Charlotte Bronte, Charlotte was born In Thornton, Yorkshire in 1816. She was the third child to have been born by her parents Maria and Patrick Bronte. Mrs. Bronte died in the year of 1821 so Charlotte and her fours sisters and her Brother Branwell were left in the loving care of their aunt Elizabeth Branwell- Charlotte and her sisters were sent to a school of Daughters Of The Clergy. Between 1831 to 1832 Charlotte was at Miss. Woolers school at Roehead where she did later return as a teacher in 1835. In 1847 she published Jane Eyre. This became a success so she later published three over novels Shirley, Villette and Professor. The Bronte sisters Charlotte, Emily and Anne all created brave and indomitable heroines: Charlottes Jane Eyre, Emilys fiery Catherine Earnshaw of the famous book Withering heights and Annes Helen Graham who was in the Tenant of Wildfell Hall left her drunken and brutal husband- perhaps partly based on their brother Branwell taking her son with her and earning a living as an artist, and audacious action in the masculine dominated world of Victorian Society. We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte Report specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jane Eyre, Charlotte Bronte Report specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer To have their books published they had to adopt male pseudonyms. By the names of Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. Jane Eyre is a novel which examines and challenges Victorian values and attitudes towards women I agree with this statement entirely as in the book men e. g. Rochester treats the women as nothing. This is expected in the Victorian society, Brontes novel makes people see and feel in her book that women in those times had no rights to vote etc and that they were beneath men. I could picture this with a clear source of imagery. Jane has to deal with a lot of issues with her job as being a governess as Mr. Rochester is a very macho person and Jane has to answers all his frequently asked questions she believes herself to be his equal in life which is differs for a Victorian age. Jane does state a variety of quotes and it really gives me a clear insight into her job as being a governess. Her character is individual and different and that what make her stand out from the crowd. you think because I am plain that I have no soul but I do have soul and its equal to yours is a particular quote that she states which shows she sees herself to be Rochesters equal, Jane always stand up for herself and she follows her own rule that she has womanly rights to be an equal to men this could be the reason why she wouldnt consent to be Rochesters mistress and she feels its below her standard and that she would lower herself. She believes that his life is all wrong because he leads an upper class and simple life, and its always constantly playing on her mind, but she never would admit this to her hearts desire Mr. Rochester. Jane as a women is expected to be manipulated but on the very last page of the novel she shows how superior and intellectual she actually is by quoting to the reader Reader I married him this shows she clearly thinks of herself as his actual equal even though they are in different places in the Hierarchy altogether and not even married. In the Victorian novel women were often depicted as governesses because this was one of the few respectable positions available to educated but impoverished single women, Jane is not reluctant to be a governess and teacher as she deals with the issues and problems in a highly mannered way she always overcomes them with a positive attitude, even though this isnt her true feelings being reflected in what she says or does, yet the novelist does finally let her escape the teaching role by providing her with independent means. Rochester tries to dominate Jane from the beginning, when she has her first conversation with him- he frequently asks her questions then twists her answers this Jane does not take kindly to- but Jane still answers back with maturity and as if she is his equal in right. Jane is a very competitive person with a very strong positive nature. This would be seen as very unusual in the Victorian period as women did not have any rights in practically anything at all including no choice or say in decision making etc. Both St. John Rivers and Mr. Rochester wish to have her hand in marriage but Jane only has one true love and that is unfortunately lies with Rochester, whereas St. John only wants Janes hand in marriage as a convenience so she can be his accomplice to travel with. Jane is not clearly swung by St. Johns proposal of marriage as she sees what he wishes her hand in marriage for. Jane made a sensible position to stay but what could be the reason for it? Rochester or the love of her position in life. When she declines St. John with good reason she lets him down by stating Nonsense, again! Marry! I dont want to marry and never shall marry. She stated this because she was let down by the first marriage as it was a hoax because Rochester was married already, this Jane knew nothing of the matter but still she dealt with the problem by running away from it not dealing with the issue before it became un dealable. The issues in Brontes novel reflect the roles women had to play in the strong male dominant Victorian Society. Of which Jane refuses to confirm too entirely). This was the time when women were treated as mens possessions, women were legally, spiritually and morally and they had no rights in property, belongings or children. Men and women who lived together about being married were ostracised. Consequently Mr. Rochester cannot divorce his wife and therefore does not reveal her existence to new lover Jane. Similarly Jane will not agree to go abroad with St. John as his accomplice and wife or with Mr. Rochester as his wife in name only. Rochester points out that she has no relations to scandalise but she feels she has to abide by the principles of society: Laws and principles are not the times when there is no temptation: there are four such moments like this; when body and soul rise in mutiny against their rigour; stringent are they; inviolate they shall be (page 338) The Gothic tradition utilizes elements such as supernatural encounters, remote locations, complicated family histories, dark secrets to create and to have an atmosphere of suspense and terror. The plot Jane Eyre includes most of these elements. Janes vividly drawn experience of the red- room is where she undergoes an extremely frightening and shocking encounter makes really good use of this particular genre: The red room was a square chamber, very seldom slept in. I might say never. a bed supported on massive pillars of mahogany, hung with curtains of deep red damask stood out like a tabernacle in the centre; the two large windows with their blinds always drawn down, where half shrouded in festoons and falls of similar drapery the carpet was red. The development of Janes character is very much central to the novel and from the beginning Jane possesses a sense of self worth and dignity and a commitment to justice and principle, a trust in god and a passionate disposition. An orphan since childhood Jane feels exiled and ostracised at the beginning of the novel. At the beginning of the novel in chapter one Jane is ten years old is oppressed and she feels a burden. And a heart saddened by the chidings of Bessie the nurse and humbled by the consciousness of my physical inferiority to Eliza, Georgina and John reed Despite Rochesters stern and horrible manor he still wins Janes heart because he is the first person in the novel to offer Jane love and a chance of happiness and a real loving home, although Rochester is Janes social and economic superior and men in the Victorian period, Jane is Rochester equal and speaks to him in the same manor that he does to her. You examine me, Miss. Eyre do you think me handsome? I should of deliberated have replied to this question by something conventionally vague ad polite; but the answer just slipped from my tongue before I was aware. No sir far from it sir. You would perhaps think me rude if I inquired in return whether you are a philanthropist Jane says this with an equal meaning there again another stick of the knife stated Rochester when he was surprised with her answer back. This particular conversation proves that Jane does speak to him as his equal. Jane does meat a friend at Lowood School called Helen this is Janes first friend who doesnt judge her, Helen serves as a foil to Mr. Brockelhurst and Jane. Helen represents a mode of Christianity she also manifests a certain strength and intellectual maturity. Her efforts involve self navigation then self- assertion. Helen gives Jane the courage which she needs. She gives her friend trust and advice which boosts Janes confidence. Jane challenges and shows her independency of spirit by disputing religion. Helen refused to let the male dominant society rule her and not let her have her freedom of speech she clearly supported for what she felt was right this gave Jane inspiration not to let the male dominant race rule over her rights as she wanted to be treated as a clear equal. Lowood gave Jane the opportunity to gain an education also the independence to leave for a new servitude (see page 87). Jane became independent and reliable. But Jane also had to get used to the male dominant pig Mr. Brockelhurst who uses religion as a big matter in the institution to scare people. Jane grew up quickly and became used to this she then retaliated and refused anyone to get the better of her. Whereas Thornfield Hall reveals the shallowness of vanity and fashion in the form of dowager Lady Ingram and her daughters, although Rochester rejects this society in favour of Janes she never feels his social equal and is uncomfortable with the opportunity to embellish herself. Throughout Janes period at Thornfield, Jane consistently refers to Rochester as master and sir. Even in their utmost intimate movements and discussions after the failed marriage, Jane still refers to him as Mr. Rochester. The nature of the relationship is clearly unbalanced; neither character has yet achieved a state of self- knowledge within which marriage could succeed. Jane knows that she cannot remain. The arrival of Blanche Ingram brings Jane down to earth. Blanche despises governesses, she tried to court Rochester but shows no real love him. The theme of impedance appears in Janes relationship with men. Although having money is also part of the theme independence it is not as important as Janes need to rebel. This is highlighted by the contrasts; Mr. Brockelhurst is an example of religious hypocrisy and Miss. Ingrams of social hypocrisy.

Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital Investment Projects.

Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital Investment Projects. Free Online Research Papers Introduction Even though risk has many meanings, in financial sector it has a more definite and distinctive meaning. It actually refers to the situations referring to the decisions made based on certain calculations of many probabilities that certain outcome can actually materialise or when probabilities based on previous information and when we actually know statistical frequency which are known to us. In order for any investment to be meaningful a representation of how much is the risk has to be represented. Only then the cash flows of an investment will differ from what is expected in terms of money and time. Risk can be called a certain degree of uncertainty. Capital Investment Appraisal plays a huge role in the long-term successful performance of an organization. It influences strategic financial decisions dealing with past and future investments. The required rate of return has to be adjusted to provide for the additional risk involved or an adjustment should be in regard to the relevant cash flows. Various techniques used to evaluate investment opportunities are Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Present Value Payback (PVP), Accounting Rate of Return (ARR), the Profitability Index (PI) and Net Present Value (NPV). Handling risk can be considered as a complex task having major influence in fluctuating exchange rates, technology changes and unpredictability of the competition. Risk handling methods can be classified as simple risk adjustment and risk analysis. Risk analysis can be defined as a technique which identifies and assess the factors that may jeopardize the success of a project. It also helps to define preventive measures to reduce the probability of these factors from occurring and identify countermeasures to successfully deal with these constraints when they develop to avert possible negative effects on the competitiveness of the company. These include sensitivity analysis, probability analysis, scenario analysis, decision-tree analysis, Monte Carlo simulation, option pricing and capital asset pricing model (CAPM) approaches, etc. Simple risk adjustment methods have got assumptions that cannot be clearly understood and could lead decision makers to accept decisions against their original intentions even though they are simple to use. Use of risk analysis provides a systematic and logical approach to investment decision making, helps communication within the organization, and allows managerial judgment to be presented in a meaningful way. Risk analysis approach can provide useful insights into an investment project, can improves decision quality and can increases decision confidence. Sensitivity Analysis It is used in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the cash flows. It requires the examination of the sensitivity of some variable to changes in another variable. The primary purpose of sensitivity analysis is not to quantify risk, but to establish how sensitive the NPV and the IRR are to changes in the values of key variables in the evaluation of investment projects. Its main objective is to identify the factors of uncertainty that has got impacts on a future projects return. It deals with a lot of is sampling-based analysis. A good sensitivity analysis should conduct analyses over the full range of plausible values of key parameters and their interactions, to assess how impacts change in response to changes in key parameters. Sensitivity Analysis methods should be able to: (a) Deal with a model regardless of assumptions about a Model’s linearity and additively; (b) Consider interaction effects among model input Uncertainties. (c) Cope with differences in the scale and shape of model inputs. (d) Should cope with spatial and temporal model input. (e) Evaluate the effect of an input while all other inputs are allowed to vary as well. A sampling-based sensitivity is one in which the model which is executed again and again for combinations of values sampled from the distribution of various input factors. How it’s done The most common sensitivity analysis is based on sampling. It is based on the model which is executed repeatedly for combinations of values sampled from the distribution (assumed known) of the input factors. Sampling based methods can also be used to decompose the variance of the model output. Sensitivity Analysis is performed jointly by executing the model repeatedly for combination of factor values sampled with some probability distribution. The following steps can be listed: a) Specify the target function and select the input of interest b) Assign a probability density function to the selected factors c) Generate a matrix of inputs with that distribution(s) through an appropriate design d) Evaluate the model and compute the distribution of the target function e) Select a method for assessing the influence or relative importance of each input factor on the target function. Advantages The main advantage is good compaction or aggregation of the information; Sensitivity analysis helps in identifying critical assumptions or in comparing alternative model structures. It also guide future data collections as well as detects important data criteria and optimises the tolerance of the manufactured products in terms of uncertainty parameters and optimises resource allocation thereby resulting in model simplification. Disadvantages The main disadvantages that sometimes arise are that the variables are often interdependent, which makes examining them each individually unrealistic, e.g.: changing one factor such as sales volume, will most likely affect other factors such as the selling price. And quite Often the assumptions upon which the analysis is based are made by using past experience/data which may not work out efficiently in the future. Assigning a maximum and minimum (or optimistic and pessimistic) value is open to subjective interpretation. For instance an individual’s optimistic forecast may be more conservative than that of another person performing a different part of the analysis. This sort of subjectivity can adversely affect the accuracy and overall objectivity of the analysis. Scenario analysis Scenario analysis is termed as a process of analyzing possible future events by considering alternative possible outcomes (scenarios). It is designed to allow improved decision-making by allowing more complete consideration of outcomes and their implications. It can be called as the process of estimating the expected value of a portfolio over a period of time, assuming specific changes in the values of the portfolios securities or key factors that would affect security values, such as changes in the interest rate. How it’s done It is commonly done by determining what the standard deviation of daily or monthly security returns are and then calculating what value would be expected for the portfolio if each security generated returns two or three standard deviations above and below the average return. By this way, we can have reasonable certainty that the value of a portfolio is unlikely to fall below (or rise above) a specific value during a given time period. Advantages Scenario analysis can take us from focusing on what is certain to happen to explore the range of what could happen. By defining scenarios, people have the opportunity to think about possibilities rather than what they expect to happen. This can stimulate creative ideas and solutions to the issues that arise from alternative futures. Disadvantages Oversimplification – Scenarios can tend to oversimplify an issue as the analysis must balance detail with available time and resources. Participant interaction and influence on content – The process of defining and assessing scenarios can raise sensitive issues for many participants, especially when they are from diverse backgrounds and organizations. Computer simulation Computer simulation allows the evaluation of the impact of changes in several variables simultaneously. Computer simulations can provide a lifetime of experience in a matter of seconds. Simulation has been one of prime methods used as a decision support tool in industry. Simulation is a very highly cost-effective method of testing new processes without having to carry out actual experiments. This can save enormous amounts of money, which would otherwise be spent on pilot programs, yet can produce better results much faster. One of the most popular Simulation models is the Monte Carlo simulation model. Monte Carlo simulation is a versatile method for analyzing the behaviour of some activity, plan or process that involves uncertainty. Most business activities, plans and processes are too complex for an analytical solution so they rely on repeated random sampling to compute their results. Simulation should be used when it is expensive and/or dangerous to run the real systems. How it’s done The basic steps involved are: Define the process / problem Collection of Data on various events occurring in the process. Build Computer models Repeating independent events occurring in the process, the way they would occur in real processes. The computer model uses the observed probability distribution function of each event to do so. It gives the user the flexibility to control events and parameters of the process the way he desires. Run the simulation models through several recursions with a combination of real life variability generated by the computer, and controllable factors set by the user. Observe the results and their variation and document them. Make inferences and decisions based on the results of simulation. Advantages Gain better understanding of working of a system Identify problems prior to implementation Test the potential effects of changes Identify areas for resource deployment Design efficient and cost-effective systems Can maintain better control over experimental conditions than real system Can evaluate system on slower or faster time scale than real system Disadvantages Difficulty in estimating error. May be very expensive and time consuming to build simulation Easy to misuse simulation by â€Å"stretching† it beyond the limits of credibility Problem especially apparent when using commercial simulation packages due to ease of use and lack of familiarity with underlying assumptions and restrictions Slick graphics, animation, tables, etc. may tempt user to assign unwarranted credibility to output Monte Carlo simulation usually requires several runs at given input values Contrast: analytical solution provides exact values Research Papers on Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital Investment Projects.The Project Managment Office SystemResearch Process Part OneAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementOpen Architechture a white paperRiordan Manufacturing Production PlanMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married Males

Community Field Visit Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Community Field Visit - Essay Example One distinct assessment relates with the area’s population—majority of citizens were decidedly African-Americans and Hispanic in origin. The implication that there is a relation of poor economic conditions and domination of darker-skinned residents can somehow hold a ground basis. Further explorations throughout the day revealed several outcomes. Similar with other cities, students and workers alike go on with their routine activities—going to their respected destination and coming home by the end of the day. As night time falls, however, depicts a different scenario. Groups of mixed young adult races, mainly African-American and Hispanics, prowled the streets of Orange City, each pursuing various habits—smoking and drinking, etc. In an article on Orange City (2004), statistics demonstrated that only a small percentage attained a college degree, while majority graduated in high school. Moreover, the crime index in the area by 2006 reached almost 13,000. The low academic attainment of residents may seem to contribute to its poor economic state, while high criminal rates had possibly scared off potential business investors—resulting in shortage of job opportunities and lack of income source. In a book by Kirst-Ashman and Hull (2009), one of the organizational models emphasized was the need to identify targets for change in community settings. Targeting for change, as emphasized by Sheafor and Horejsi (2006), â€Å"provides direction for the leader and followers† (as cited in Kirst-Ashman & Hull, 2009, p. 83). In this case, a specific group (African-American young adults), are likely to be the identified targets in need of change. Clearly, the presence of economic deprivation, where there is â€Å"inadequate or unjust access to financial resources†¦such as job discrimination, unemployment, insufficient work benefits† can be applied basing from the situation presented (Kirst-Ashman & Hull,